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  2. Leukocoria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukocoria

    Leukocoria (also white pupillary reflex) is an abnormal white reflection from the retina of the eye. Leukocoria resembles eyeshine , but leukocoria can also occur in animals that lack eyeshine because their retina lacks a tapetum lucidum .

  3. Pupillary reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupillary_reflex

    Although the pupillary response, in which the pupil dilates or constricts due to light is not usually called a "reflex", it is still usually considered a part of this topic. Adjustment to close-range vision is known as "the near response", while relaxation of the ciliary muscle to view distant objects is known as the "far response".

  4. Childhood cataract - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childhood_cataract

    In addition, a complete eye examination is done. [2] [4] This eye exam includes fixation, pupillary reflex test, and test for visual acuity. [4] Visual acuity is tested differently based on patient's age. For infants, visual acuity can be tested by visual evoked response, Catford drum, optokinetic nystagmus, and Teller's acuity cards tests. [4]

  5. Pupillary light reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupillary_light_reflex

    The pupillary light reflex (PLR) or photopupillary reflex is a reflex that controls the diameter of the pupil, in response to the intensity of light that falls on the retinal ganglion cells of the retina in the back of the eye, thereby assisting in adaptation of vision to various levels of lightness/darkness.

  6. Pretectal area - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretectal_area

    In neuroanatomy, the pretectal area, or pretectum, is a midbrain structure composed of seven nuclei and comprises part of the subcortical visual system.Through reciprocal bilateral projections from the retina, it is involved primarily in mediating behavioral responses to acute changes in ambient light such as the pupillary light reflex, the optokinetic reflex, and temporary changes to the ...

  7. List of reflexes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_reflexes

    Pupillary accommodation reflex — a reduction of pupil size in response to an object coming close to the eye. Pupillary light reflex — a reduction of pupil size in response to light. Rectoanal inhibitory reflex - a transient relaxation of the internal anal sphincter in response to rectal distention.

  8. Optic tract - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_tract

    Similarly to the pupillary light reflex, the pupillary dark reflex is an autonomic reflex that controls pupil diameter to accommodate for decreases in illumination as perceived by the retina. Lower light intensity causes pupil dilation, and the decrease of light stimulation of one eye will cause pupillary dilation of both eyes.

  9. Mydriasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mydriasis

    Normally, as part of the pupillary light reflex, the pupil dilates in the dark and constricts in the light to respectively improve vividity at night and to protect the retina from sunlight damage during the day. A mydriatic pupil will remain excessively large even in a bright environment. The excitation of the radial fibres of the iris which ...