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  2. Fundamental frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_frequency

    Vibration and standing waves in a string, The fundamental and the first six overtones. The fundamental frequency, often referred to simply as the fundamental (abbreviated as f 0 or f 1), is defined as the lowest frequency of a periodic waveform. [1] In music, the fundamental is the musical pitch of a note that is perceived as the lowest partial ...

  3. Cepstrum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cepstrum

    It has also been used to determine the fundamental frequency of human speech and to analyze radar signal returns. Cepstrum pitch determination is particularly effective because the effects of the vocal excitation (pitch) and vocal tract (formants) are additive in the logarithm of the power spectrum and thus clearly separate. [14]

  4. Pitch detection algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_detection_algorithm

    The fundamental frequency of speech can vary from 40 Hz for low-pitched voices to 600 Hz for high-pitched voices. [12] Autocorrelation methods need at least two pitch periods to detect pitch. This means that in order to detect a fundamental frequency of 40 Hz, at least 50 milliseconds (ms) of the speech signal must be analyzed.

  5. Harmonic series (music) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music)

    In terms of frequency (measured in cycles per second, or hertz, where f is the fundamental frequency), the difference between consecutive harmonics is therefore constant and equal to the fundamental. But because human ears respond to sound nonlinearly , higher harmonics are perceived as "closer together" than lower ones.

  6. Vibrations of a circular membrane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrations_of_a_circular...

    A membrane has an infinite number of these normal modes, starting with a lowest frequency one called the fundamental frequency. There exist infinitely many ways in which a membrane can vibrate, each depending on the shape of the membrane at some initial time, and the transverse velocity of each point on the membrane at that time.

  7. Harmonic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic

    In physics, acoustics, and telecommunications, a harmonic is a sinusoidal wave with a frequency that is a positive integer multiple of the fundamental frequency of a periodic signal. The fundamental frequency is also called the 1st harmonic; the other harmonics are known as higher harmonics.

  8. Normal mode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_mode

    In order to calculate the internal energy and the specific heat, we must know the number of normal vibrational modes a frequency between the values ν and ν + dν. Allow this number to be f(ν)dν. Since the total number of normal modes is 3N, the function f(ν) is given by: =

  9. Autocorrelation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocorrelation

    The analysis of autocorrelation is a mathematical tool for finding repeating patterns, such as the presence of a periodic signal obscured by noise, or identifying the missing fundamental frequency in a signal implied by its harmonic frequencies.