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In literary interpretation, paratext is material that surrounds a published main text (e.g., the story, non-fiction description, poems, etc.) supplied by the authors, editors, printers, and publishers. These added elements form a frame for the main text, and can change the reception of a text or its interpretation by the public.
Paratextuality is the relation between one text and its paratext that surrounds the main body of the text. Examples are titles, headings, and prefaces. Architextuality is the designation of a text as a part of a genre or genres; Metatextuality is the explicit or implicit critical commentary of one text on another text
Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree is a 1982 book by French literary theorist Gérard Genette.Over the years, the book's methodological proposals have been confirmed as effective operational definitions, and have been widely adopted in literary criticism terminology.
Genette was born in Paris, where he studied at the Lycée Lakanal and the École Normale Supérieure, University of Paris. [1] After leaving the French Communist Party, Genette was a member of Socialisme ou Barbarie during 1957–8. [2] He received his professorship in French literature at the Sorbonne in 1967.
After the Italian, English subtitled version became a hit in English speaking territories, Miramax reissued Life Is Beautiful in an English dubbed version, but it was less successful than the subtitled Italian version. [24] The film was aired on the Italian television station RAI on 22 October 2001 and was viewed by 16 million people. This made ...
In narratology, focalisation is the perspective through which a narrative is presented, as opposed to an omniscient narrator. [1] Coined by French narrative theorist Gérard Genette, his definition distinguishes between internal focalisation (first-person) and external focalisation (third-person, fixed on the actions of and environments around a character), with zero focalisation representing ...
Festivus is a holiday first coined in Season 9, Episode 10 of Seinfeld.Invented by George Costanza’s father, Frank. Festivus is an alternative to Christmas, where families can air their ...
Subtitles exist in two forms; open subtitles are 'open to all' and cannot be turned off by the viewer; closed subtitles are designed for a certain group of viewers, and can usually be turned on or off or selected by the viewer – examples being teletext pages, U.S. Closed captions (608/708), DVB Bitmap subtitles, DVD or Blu-ray subtitles.