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The denatured molten-salt reactor (DMSR) was an Oak Ridge theoretical design that was never built. Engel et al. 1980 said the project "examined the conceptual feasibility of a molten-salt power reactor fueled with denatured uranium-235 (i.e. with low-enriched uranium) and operated with a minimum of chemical processing."
Conventional nuclear reactors, such as pressurized and boiling water reactors, use water as a coolant. Due to water's high vapor pressure at elevated temperatures, they are limited to operating at a relatively low temperature, usually near 300 °C. This limits the thermodynamic efficiency, typically to around 32–34%.
Molten-salt reactors are a type of nuclear reactor that uses molten salt(s) as a coolant or as a solvent in which the fissile material is dissolved. Experimental salts using lithium can be formed that have a melting point of 116 °C while still having a heat capacity of 1.54 J/(g·K). [4]
Farther inward is the pumped fuel salt layer (about 200 liters of LiF and UF4/3), which enters the reactor at 600°C and exits the reactor at 700°C, and serves as both fuel and core coolant. [10] The innermost layer is the moderator, more heavy water at 20°C, with the total amount of heavy water being ~1,200 liters. [ 10 ]
About 1/3 are boiling water reactors where the primary coolant undergoes phase transition to steam inside the reactor. About 2/3 are pressurized water reactors at even higher pressure. Current reactors stay under the critical point at around 374 °C and 218 bar where the distinction between liquid and gas disappears, which limits thermal ...
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Molten salt reactors, as a class, include both burners and breeders in fast or thermal spectra, using fluoride or chloride salt-based fuels and a range of fissile or fertile consumables. LFTRs are defined by the use of fluoride fuel salts and the breeding of thorium into uranium-233 in the thermal neutron spectrum.
Asbestos, a known human carcinogen, can be injurious to consumers if found in talc-containing cosmetic products as there is no established "safe level" threshold for exposure to the substance. If ...