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Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai is 65 kilometres (40 mi) north of Tongatapu, the country's main island, [8] and is part of the highly active Tonga–Kermadec Islands volcanic arc, a subduction zone extending from New Zealand to Fiji. [9] [10] On the Volcanic Explosivity Index scale, the eruption was rated at least a VEI-5.
As of February 2024 the eruption is the largest volcanic eruption in the 21st century. Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai likely had a previous major explosive eruption in the late 11th or early 12th century (possibly in 1108). Several known historical eruptions occurred in 1912, 1937, 1988, 2009, 2014–15 and 2021–22.
2022: Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Located in the southern Pacific Ocean, the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption in January 2022 saw a plume of rock and ash shoot a staggering 58km high into the sky.
The 2009 Tonga undersea volcanic eruption began on 16 March 2009, [5] near the island of Hunga Tonga, approximately 62 kilometres (39 mi) from the Tongan capital of Nukuʻalofa. [6] The volcano is in a highly active volcanic region that represents a portion of the Pacific Ring of Fire .
Now, “vast areas of the reefs in the immediate impact area at Hunga Tonga are probably buried and smothered by large deposits of volcanic ash,” said Tom Schils, a marine biologist at the ...
Satellite images captured the spectacular eruption of the Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha’apai volcano on Saturday, with a plume of ash, steam and gas rising like a giant mushroom above the South Pacific.
The eruption of the Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai volcano, located just under Stunning satellite images capture massive volcanic eruption near Tonga Skip to main content
The government of Tonga issues a tsunami warning and advises people in all islands of Tonga to avoid the coasts. [1] 15 January – King Tupou VI is evacuated from the Royal Palace by His Majesty's Armed Forces as ashfall from the Hunga Tonga eruption destroys homes and causes the evacuation of citizens to higher ground. [2]