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Synaptogenesis is the formation of synapses between neurons in the nervous system.Although it occurs throughout a healthy person's lifespan, an explosion of synapse formation occurs during early brain development, known as exuberant synaptogenesis. [1]
Early childhood is characterised by rapid growth in the number of synapses in the brain (synaptogenesis), and this expansion is followed by a pruning period. There are so called experience dependant critical periods during which the developing brain is best suited to develop certain sensory and motor skills.
A model view of the synapse. Synaptic pruning, a phase in the development of the nervous system, is the process of synapse elimination that occurs between early childhood and the onset of puberty in many mammals, including humans. [1] Pruning starts near the time of birth and continues into the late-20s. [2]
Huttenlocher also became an early authority on Reye's syndrome, and in 1987 launched the first clinic in the United States for children with tuberous sclerosis. [ 4 ] His findings have influenced government policy and parents’ priorities, putting more emphasis on the importance of early education. [ 2 ]
Much like neuroplasticity, or brain plasticity, developmental plasticity is specific to the change in neurons and synaptic connections as a consequence of developmental processes. A child creates most of these connections from birth to early childhood.
Early life stress is believed to produce changes in brain development by interfering with neurogenesis, synaptic production, and pruning of synapses and receptors. [58] Interference with these processes could result in increased or decreased brain region volumes, potentially explaining the findings that early life stress is associated with ...
Since memories are postulated to be represented by vastly interconnected neural circuits in the brain, synaptic plasticity is one of the important neurochemical foundations of learning and memory (see Hebbian theory). Plastic change often results from the alteration of the number of neurotransmitter receptors located on a synapse. [2]
However, the increase in synapse numbers has been observed generally to reduce with maturation. [11] [12] Stimulation affects not only synapses upon pyramidal neurons (the main projecting neurons in the cerebral cortex) but also stellate ones (that are usually interneurons). [13] It can also affect neurons outside the brain, such as those in ...
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