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Cryptococcal meningitis is a primary contributor to mortality among individuals with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. [63] Approximately 160,000 cases of cryptococcal meningitis are reported in West Africa, resulting in 130,000 deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. [64] Uganda is reported to have the highest occurrence of cryptococcus meningitis. [54]
Most forms of aseptic meningitis are viral in origin, though neoplastic and Lyme disease meningitis are also aseptic. California encephalitis virus; Central nervous system viral disease; Cytomegalovirus encephalitis; SARS-CoV-2; Eastern equine encephalitis; Enterovirus encephalitis; Epstein Barr Virus encephalitis; Herpes simplex encephalitis ...
Steroid co-therapy is not indicated in cryptococcal meningitis and may worsen outcomes and delay recovery. [3] Hydrocephalus is a common complication in chronic infectious meningitis, including tuberculosis and cryptococcal meningitis. In cases of hydrocephalus, intracranial pressure is controlled by serial therapeutic lumbar punctures (often ...
Fungal meningitis, such as cryptococcal meningitis, is treated with long courses of high dose antifungals, such as amphotericin B and flucytosine. [55] [82] Raised intracranial pressure is common in fungal meningitis, and frequent (ideally daily) lumbar punctures to relieve the pressure are recommended, [55] or alternatively a lumbar drain. [53]
It was recommended in 2000 that cryptococcal meningitis be treated for two weeks with intravenous amphotericin B 0.7–1.0 mg/kg per day and oral flucytosine 100 mg/kg per day (or intravenous flucytosine 75 mg/kg per day [citation needed] day if the patient is unable to swallow), followed by oral fluconazole 400–800 mg daily for ten weeks [3 ...
IRIS is particularly problematic in cryptococcal meningitis as IRIS is fairly common and can be fatal. [7] IRIS has been described in immunocompetent hosts who have meningitis caused by Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii, environmental fungi which often affect immunocompetent hosts. Several weeks or even months into ...
Meningitis is an unusual manifestation of blastomycosis and can be very difficult to diagnose. Cryptococcus (Cryptococcal meningitis) - it is thought to be acquired through inhalation of soil contaminated with bird droppings. C. neoformans is the most common pathogen to cause fungal meningitis.
Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungus that causes cryptococcosis, which can lead to pulmonary infection as well as nervous system infections, like meningitis. [23] [24] Histoplasma capsulatum is a species of fungus known to cause histoplasmosis, which can present with an array of symptoms, but often involves respiratory infection. [25] [26]