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Capital controls were an integral part of the Bretton Woods system which emerged after World War II and lasted until the early 1970s. This period was the first time capital controls had been endorsed by mainstream economics. Capital controls were relatively easy to impose, in part because international capital markets were less active in ...
The existence of an elite or ruling class which controls the country, exploiting the working population in the technical Marxist sense. This idea is based on passages from Marx, where Marx emphasized that capital cannot exist except within a power-relationship between social classes which governs the extraction of surplus-labour.
As capital controls are reduced, the modern world has begun to look a lot less like the world modelled by Heckscher and Ohlin. It has been argued that capital mobility undermines the case for free trade itself, see: Capital mobility and comparative advantage Free trade critique. Capital is mobile when: There are limited exchange controls
Marxist sociology is also concerned with the way in which police forces are used to control indigenous populations, enslaved peoples, and the labouring poor in the name of capitalism. [4] Key questions asked by Marxist sociologists include: [1] How does capital control workers? How does a mode of production influence the social class?
Officials requested international capital controls which would allow governments to regulate their economies while remaining committed to the goals of full employment and economic growth. [11] The adoption of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade supported free trade, while allowing national governments to retain veto power over trade ...
Both advanced and emerging nations adopted controls; in basic theory it may be supposed that large inbound investments will speed an emerging economy's development, but empirical evidence suggests this does not reliably occur, and in fact large capital inflows can hurt a nation's economic development by causing its currency to appreciate, by ...
Prudential capital controls are typical ways of prudential regulation that takes the form of capital controls and regulates a country's capital account inflows. Prudential capital controls aim to mitigate systemic risk , reduce business cycle volatility, increase macroeconomic stability, and enhance social welfare .
A theory of change developed at the outset is best at informing the planning of an initiative. Having worked out a change model, practitioners can make more informed decisions about strategy and tactics. As monitoring and evaluation data become available, stakeholders can periodically refine the theory of change as the evidence indicates. A ...