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SIMD is particularly applicable to common tasks such as adjusting the contrast in a digital image or adjusting the volume of digital audio. Most modern CPU designs include SIMD instructions to improve the performance of multimedia use. SIMD has three different subcategories in Flynn's 1972 Taxonomy, one of which is SIMT.
The x86 instruction set has several times been extended with SIMD (Single instruction, multiple data) instruction set extensions.These extensions, starting from the MMX instruction set extension introduced with Pentium MMX in 1997, typically define sets of wide registers and instructions that subdivide these registers into fixed-size lanes and perform a computation for each lane in parallel.
The simplest way to understand SIMT is to imagine a multi-core system, where each core has its own register file, its own ALUs (both SIMD and Scalar) and its own data cache, but that unlike a standard multi-core system which has multiple independent instruction caches and decoders, as well as multiple independent Program Counter registers, the ...
Pentium II processor with MMX technology. MMX defines eight processor registers, named MM0 through MM7, and operations that operate on them.Each register is 64 bits wide and can be used to hold either 64-bit integers, or multiple smaller integers in a "packed" format: one instruction can then be applied to two 32-bit integers, four 16-bit integers, or eight 8-bit integers at once.
SIMD instructions operating on 4 x unsigned bytes or 2 x 16-bit values packed into a 32-bit register (the 64-bit variant of the DSP ASE supports larger vectors, too). SIMD operations are basic arithmetic, shifts and some multiply-accumulate type operations. MIPS SIMD architecture (MSA) Instruction set extensions designed to accelerate multimedia.
SSE contains 70 new instructions (65 unique mnemonics [1] using 70 encodings), most of which work on single precision floating-point data. SIMD instructions can greatly increase performance when exactly the same operations are to be performed on multiple data objects. Typical applications are digital signal processing and graphics processing.
In general x86 processors can load and use memory matched to the size of any register it is operating on. (The SIMD instructions also include half-load instructions.) Most 2-operand x86 instructions, including integer ALU instructions, use a standard "addressing mode byte" [13] often called the MOD-REG-R/M byte.
In SIMD the same operation (instruction) is applied on multiple data to manipulate data streams (a version of SIMD is vector processing where the data are organized as vectors). Another class of processors, GPUs encompass multiple SIMD streams processing. Note that SPMD and SIMD are not mutually exclusive; SPMD parallel execution can include ...