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A copper indium gallium selenide solar cell (or CIGS cell, sometimes CI(G)S or CIS cell) is a thin-film solar cell used to convert sunlight into electric power. It is manufactured by depositing a thin layer of copper indium gallium selenide solid solution on glass or plastic backing, along with electrodes on the front and back to collect current.
Scientists used solar cells constructed of highly conductive photovoltaic materials such as gallium, indium, phosphide and gallium arsenide that increased total efficiency by over 30%. By the end of the century, scientists created a special type of solar cells that converted upwards of 36% of the sunlight it collected into usable energy.
In a typical solar cell, the photovoltaic effect is used to generate electricity from sunlight. The light-absorbing or "active layer" of the solar cell is typically a semiconducting material, meaning that there is a gap in its energy spectrum between the valence band of localized electrons around host ions and the conduction band of higher-energy electrons which are free to move throughout the ...
Solar cells can be thought of as visible light counterparts to radio receivers.A receiver consists of three basic parts; an antenna that converts the radio waves (light) into wave-like motions of electrons in the antenna material, an electronic valve that traps the electrons as they pop off the end of the antenna, and a tuner that amplifies electrons of a selected frequency.
List of notable companies manufacturing copper indium gallium selenide solar cells (CIGS): Ascent Solar Technologies; Avancis (former subsidiary of Saint Gobain) Miasolé [1] Midsummer AB [2] (Swedish manufacturer of CIGS solar modules and sputtering equipment for thin-film solar cells) Sunflare [3] Sunplugged [4] Solar Cloth [5]
Usually, solar panels are given a lifespan of 25–30 years before they get decommissioned. [178] The International Renewable Energy Agency estimated that the amount of solar panel electronic waste generated in 2016 was 43,500–250,000 metric tons. This number is estimated to increase substantially by 2030, reaching an estimated waste volume ...
* A spokesperson for Sumitomo Chemical, which uses gallium as a raw material in its compound semiconductor business, said the company is monitoring the situation closely and collecting information.
The company uses copper indium gallium diselenide to produce CIGS cells, which achieve up to 19.9% efficiency in laboratory samples, [2] and production cells of about 10.5 to 11 percent average efficiency. [3] This type of solar cell is ideal for portable power and is 1.5 to 2X greater in performance than comparable thin film flexible solar ...
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