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The order of growth is then the least degree of any such polynomial function p. A nilpotent group G is a group with a lower central series terminating in the identity subgroup. Gromov's theorem states that a finitely generated group has polynomial growth if and only if it has a nilpotent subgroup that is of finite index.
The free abelian group has a polynomial growth rate of order d. The discrete Heisenberg group H 3 {\displaystyle H_{3}} has a polynomial growth rate of order 4. This fact is a special case of the general theorem of Hyman Bass and Yves Guivarch that is discussed in the article on Gromov's theorem .
The group G is a 2-group, that is, every element in G has finite order that is a power of 2. [1] The group G is periodic (as a 2-group) and not locally finite (as it is finitely generated). As such, it is a counterexample to the Burnside problem. The group G has intermediate growth. [2] The group G is amenable but not elementary amenable. [2]
Every polynomial equation in one variable has a Galois group, that is a certain permutation group on its roots. The axioms of a group formalize the essential aspects of symmetry. Symmetries form a group: they are closed because if you take a symmetry of an object, and then apply another symmetry, the result will still be a symmetry. The ...
Any group that is virtually abelian. Any nilpotent group. Any semidirect product where N is nilpotent and H is finite. Any semidirect product where N is finite and H is nilpotent. Gromov's theorem says that a finitely generated group is virtually nilpotent if and only if it has polynomial growth.
The Leslie matrix is a discrete, age-structured model of population growth that is very popular in population ecology named after Patrick H. Leslie. [1] [2] The Leslie matrix (also called the Leslie model) is one of the most well-known ways to describe the growth of populations (and their projected age distribution), in which a population is closed to migration, growing in an unlimited ...
Another definition of the Galois group comes from the Galois group of a polynomial []. If there is a field K / F {\displaystyle K/F} such that f {\displaystyle f} factors as a product of linear polynomials
Gromov's compactness theorem had a deep impact on the field of geometric group theory. He applied it to understand the asymptotic geometry of the word metric of a group of polynomial growth, by taking the limit of well-chosen rescalings of the metric.