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2. Nominal Pipe Size - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominal_Pipe_Size

   Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a North American set of standard sizes for pipes used for high or low pressures and temperatures. [1] " Nominal" refers to pipe in non-specific terms and identifies the diameter of the hole with a non-dimensional number (for example – 2-inch nominal steel pipe" consists of many varieties of steel pipe with the only criterion being a 2.375-inch (60.3 mm) outside ...

3. Characteristic length - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_length

   In those cases, the characteristic length is the diameter of the pipe or, in case of non-circular tubes, its hydraulic diameter : = Where is the cross-sectional area of the pipe and is its wetted perimeter. It is defined such that it reduces to a circular diameter of D for circular pipes.

4. Darcy–Weisbach equation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcy–Weisbach_equation

   In this expression for Reynolds number, the characteristic length D is taken to be the hydraulic diameter of the pipe, which, for a cylindrical pipe flowing full, equals the inside diameter. In Figures 1 and 2 of friction factor versus Reynolds number, the regime Re < 2000 demonstrates laminar flow; the friction factor is well represented by ...

5. Hydraulic diameter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_diameter

   The hydraulic diameter, D H, is a commonly used term when handling flow in non-circular tubes and channels. Using this term, one can calculate many things in the same way as for a round tube. When the cross-section is uniform along the tube or channel length, it is defined as [1] [2] =, where

6. Moody chart - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moody_chart

   where is the density of the fluid, is the average velocity in the pipe, is the friction factor from the Moody chart, is the length of the pipe and is the pipe diameter. The chart plots Darcy–Weisbach friction factor f D {\displaystyle f_{D}} against Reynolds number Re for a variety of relative roughnesses, the ratio of the mean height of ...

7. Hazen–Williams equation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazen–Williams_equation

   h f = head loss in meters (water) over the length of pipe; L = length of pipe in meters; Q = volumetric flow rate, m 3 /s (cubic meters per second) C = pipe roughness coefficient; d = inside pipe diameter, m (meters) Note: pressure drop can be computed from head loss as h f × the unit weight of water (e.g., 9810 N/m 3 at 4 deg C)

8. Casing (borehole) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casing_(borehole)

   Casing is a large diameter pipe that is assembled and inserted into a recently drilled section of a borehole. Similar to the bones of a spine protecting the spinal cord, casing is set inside the drilled borehole to protect and support the wellstream. The lower portion (and sometimes the entirety) is typically held in place with cement. [1]

9. Pipe (fluid conveyance) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_(fluid_conveyance)

   Since the outside diameter is fixed for a given pipe size, the inside diameter will vary depending on the wall thickness of the pipe. For example, 2" Schedule 80 pipe has thicker walls and therefore a smaller inside diameter than 2" Schedule 40 pipe. Steel pipe has been produced for about 150 years.