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Dimethyl oxalate can be converted into ethylene glycol in high yields (94.7%) [10] [11] The methanol formed is recycled in the process of oxidative carbonylation. [12] Other plants with a total annual capacity of more than 1 million tons of ethylene glycol per year are planned. Decarbonylation gives dimethyl carbonate. [13]
Dimethyl carbonate and dimethyl oxalate are produced industrially using carbon monoxide and an oxidant, in effect as a source of CO 2+. [2]+ + + The oxidative carbonylation of methanol is catalyzed by copper(I) salts, which form transient carbonyl complexes.
Oxalate (systematic IUPAC name: ethanedioate) is an anion with the chemical formula C 2 O 2− 4. This dianion is colorless. It occurs naturally, including in some foods. It forms a variety of salts, for example sodium oxalate (Na 2 C 2 O 4), and several esters such as dimethyl oxalate ((CH 3) 2 C 2 O 4). It is a conjugate base of oxalic acid.
Another process uses oxygen to regenerate the nitric acid, using a variety of precursors including glycolic acid and ethylene glycol. [17] As of 2011, this process was only used by Mitsubishi in Japan. [18] A newer method entails oxidative carbonylation of alcohols to give the diesters of oxalic acid: 4 ROH + 4 CO + O 2 → 2 (CO 2 R) 2 + 2 H 2 O
Oxalyl chloride reacts with water giving off gaseous products only: hydrogen chloride (HCl), carbon dioxide (CO 2), and carbon monoxide (CO). (COCl) 2 + H 2 O → 2 HCl + CO 2 + CO In this, it is quite different from other acyl chlorides which hydrolyze with formation of hydrogen chloride and the original carboxylic acid.
The oxidative carbonylation of methanol to dimethyl oxalate provides a promising approach to the production of C 1-based ethylene glycol. [11] Dimethyl oxalate can be converted into ethylene glycol in high yields (94.7%) [12] by hydrogenation with a copper catalyst: [13]
The natural process of aging. Diagnosing sarcopenia is not straightforward, but may involve physical tests. These can include testing hand grip strength, measuring walking speed, or using the ...
Quinoxalinedione may be prepared by condensation of o-phenylenediamine with dimethyl oxalate. Mercaptoimidazole are commonly used as antioxidants in rubber production, obtained by condensing xanthate esters. Condensation of substituted o-phenylenediamine with diketones yields various pharmaceuticals. [9] OPD is a ligand in coordination chemistry.