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A governor, or speed limiter or controller, is a device used to measure and regulate the speed of a machine, such as an engine.. A classic example is the centrifugal governor, also known as the Watt or fly-ball governor on a reciprocating steam engine, which uses the effect of inertial force on rotating weights driven by the machine output shaft to regulate its speed by altering the input flow ...
The variation of the steam consumption rate ṁ (kg/h) with the turbine load during throttle governing is linear and is given by the “willan’s line”. [1] The equation for the willan’s line is given by: ṁ=aL+C. Where a is the steam rate in kg/kWh, 'L' is the load on turbine in KW and C is no load steam consumption.
Cut-away drawing of steam engine speed governor. The valve starts fully open at zero speed, but as the balls rotate and rise, the central valve stem is forced downward and closes the valve. The drive shaft whose speed is being sensed is top right Porter governor on a Corliss steam engine. The devices shown are on steam engines.
A steam turbine or steam turbine engine is a machine or heat engine that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. Its modern manifestation was invented by Charles Parsons in 1884.
Campbell Diagram of a steam turbine. Analysis shows that there are well-damped critical speed at lower speed range. Another critical speed at mode 4 is observed at 7810 rpm (130 Hz) in dangerous vicinity of nominal shaft speed, but it has 30% damping - enough to safely ignore it.
In a jet aircraft, an overspeed results when the axial compressor exceeds its maximal operating rotational speed. This often leads to the mechanical failure of turbine blades, flameout and destruction of the engine. [citation needed] In a ground vehicle, an engine can be forced to turn too quickly by changing to an inappropriately low gear.
A compounded steam turbine has multiple stages with more than one set of nozzles and rotors. These are arranged in series, either keyed to the common shaft or fixed to the casing. The result of this arrangement allows either the steam pressure or the jet velocity to be absorbed by the turbine in a number of stages. [1] [2] Compounded steam ...
Turbo generators are used for high shaft rotational speeds, typical of steam and gas turbines. The rotor of a turbo generator is a non-salient pole type usually with two poles. [5] The normal speed of a turbo generator is 1500 or 3000 rpm with four or two poles at 50 Hz (1800 or 3600 rpm with four or two poles at 60 Hz).
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