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Sputnik 1. Sputnik 1 (/ ˈspʌtnɪk, ˈspʊtnɪk /, Russian: Спутник-1, Satellite 1) was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957 as part of the Soviet space program. It sent a radio signal back to Earth for three weeks before its three silver-zinc ...
The Sputnik crisis was a period of public fear and anxiety in Western nations about the perceived technological gap between the United States and Soviet Union caused by the Soviets' launch of Sputnik 1, the world's first artificial satellite. [ 1 ] The crisis was a significant event in the Cold War that triggered the creation of NASA and the ...
Year Date Origin Name Launch vehicle Status Description Mass 1957 October 4 Soviet Union: Sputnik 1: Sputnik-PS: Success: The first human-made object to orbit Earth. 83.6 kg (183.9 lb) November 3 Soviet Union: Sputnik 2: Sputnik-PS: Success: The first satellite to carry a living animal, a dog named Laika. 508 kg (1,118 lb) December 6 US ...
First aerial recovery of an object (the film) returning from Earth orbit. Discoverer 14. 1960 August 19. USSR. First animals and plants returned alive from space (the dogs Belka and Strelka) First capsule recovered from orbit. Korabl-Sputnik 2 (aka Sputnik 5) 1961 January 31. USA.
Spacecraft. Sputnik 2 was a 4-metre-high (13 ft) cone-shaped capsule with a base diameter of 2 metres (6.6 ft) that weighed around 500 kilograms (1,100 lb), though it was not designed to separate from the rocket core that brought it to orbit, bringing the total mass in orbit to 7.79 tonnes (17,200 lb). [7]
Sputnik 3. Sputnik 3 (Russian: Спутник-3, Satellite 3) was a Soviet satellite launched on 15 May 1958 from Baikonur Cosmodrome by a modified R-7/SS-6 ICBM. The scientific satellite carried a large array of instruments for geophysical research of the upper atmosphere and near space. Sputnik 3 was the only Soviet satellite launched in 1958.
Sputnik 727. The Sputnik rocket was an uncrewed orbital carrier rocket designed by Sergei Korolev in the Soviet Union, derived from the R-7 Semyorka ICBM. On 4 October 1957, it was used to perform the world's first satellite launch, placing Sputnik 1 into a low Earth orbit. Two versions of the Sputnik were built, the Sputnik-PS (GRAU index ...
This is a timeline of the main events of the Cold War, a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union, its allies in the Warsaw Pact and later the People's Republic of China).