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Metoprolol, sold under the brand name Lopressor among others, is a medication used to treat angina and a number of conditions involving an abnormally fast heart rate. [4] It is also used to prevent further heart problems after myocardial infarction and to prevent headaches in those with migraines . [ 4 ]
Beta blocker. Skeletal formula of propranolol, the first clinically successful beta blocker. Beta blockers, also spelled β-blockers, are a class of medications that are predominantly used to manage abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmia), and to protect the heart from a second heart attack after a first heart attack (secondary prevention). [1]
Antihypertensive. Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). [1] Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke, heart failure, kidney failure and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can ...
The progress in β-blocker development led to the introduction of drugs with variety of properties. β-blockers were developed having a relative selectivity for cardiac β1-receptors (for example metoprolol and atenolol), partial adrenergic agonist activity , concomitant α-adrenergic blocking activity (for example labetalol and carvedilol) and ...
Nebivolol is a beta blocker used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. [5] As with other β-blockers, it is generally a less preferred treatment for high blood pressure. [6] It may be used by itself or with other blood pressure medication. [6] It is taken by mouth.
Pheochromocytoma. Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of the adrenal medulla composed of chromaffin cells and is part of the paraganglioma (PGL) family of tumors, being defined as an intra-adrenal PGL . [2][4][5] These neuroendocrine tumors can be sympathetic, where they release catecholamines into the bloodstream which cause the most common ...
Hypertensive kidney disease is a medical condition referring to damage to the kidney due to chronic high blood pressure. It manifests as hypertensive nephrosclerosis (sclerosis referring to the stiffening of renal components). [2] It should be distinguished from renovascular hypertension, which is a form of secondary hypertension, and thus has ...
Sodium channel blockers are used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia. They are classified as "Type I" in the Vaughan Williams classification. Class I antiarrhythmic agents interfere with the (Na +) channel. Class I agents are grouped by their effect on the Na + channel, and by their effect on cardiac action potentials.