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Once the t value and degrees of freedom are determined, a p-value can be found using a table of values from Student's t-distribution. If the calculated p-value is below the threshold chosen for statistical significance (usually the 0.10, the 0.05, or 0.01 level), then the null hypothesis is rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis.
p. -value. In null-hypothesis significance testing, the -value[note 1] is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result actually observed, under the assumption that the null hypothesis is correct. [2][3] A very small p -value means that such an extreme observed outcome would be very unlikely under the null hypothesis.
Production of a small p-value by multiple testing. 30 samples of 10 dots of random color (blue or red) are observed. On each sample, a two-tailed binomial test of the null hypothesis that blue and red are equally probable is performed. The first row shows the possible p-values as a function of the number of blue and red dots in the sample.
Pearson's correlation coefficient is the covariance of the two variables divided by the product of their standard deviations. The form of the definition involves a "product moment", that is, the mean (the first moment about the origin) of the product of the mean-adjusted random variables; hence the modifier product-moment in the name.
A spreadsheet is a computer application for computation, organization, analysis and storage of data in tabular form. [1][2][3] Spreadsheets were developed as computerized analogs of paper accounting worksheets. [4] The program operates on data entered in cells of a table. Each cell may contain either numeric or text data, or the results of ...
Fisher's exact test is a statistical significance test used in the analysis of contingency tables. [1][2][3] Although in practice it is employed when sample sizes are small, it is valid for all sample sizes. It is named after its inventor, Ronald Fisher, and is one of a class of exact tests, so called because the significance of the deviation ...
95% of the area under the normal distribution lies within 1.96 standard deviations away from the mean. In probability and statistics, the 97.5th percentile point of the standard normal distribution is a number commonly used for statistical calculations. The approximate value of this number is 1.96, meaning that 95% of the area under a normal ...
The following table defines the possible outcomes when testing multiple null hypotheses. Suppose we have a number m of null hypotheses, denoted by: H 1, H 2, ..., H m. Using a statistical test, we reject the null hypothesis if the test is declared significant. We do not reject the null hypothesis if the test is non-significant.