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The garnet family is one of the most complex in the gem world. It is not a single species, but is composed of multiple species and varieties. [54] It is the state mineral of Connecticut, [55] New York's gemstone, [56] and star garnet (garnet with rutile asterisms) is the state gemstone of Idaho. [57]
Sapphire is one of the two gem-varieties of corundum, the other being ruby (defined as corundum in a shade of red). Although blue is the best-known sapphire color, it occurs in other colors, including gray and black, and also can be colorless. A pinkish orange variety of sapphire is called padparadscha.
Andradite is a mineral species of the garnet group. It is a nesosilicate, with formula Ca 3 Fe 2 Si 3 O 12. Andradite includes three varieties: Colophonite: a historical variety found in the Scandinavian islands, brownish or reddish in color, often opaque or translucent. [6]: 61. Demantoid: Vivid green in color, one of the most valuable and ...
Rhodolite. Rhodolite is a varietal name for rose-pink to red mineral pyrope, a species in the garnet group. It was first described from Cowee Valley, Macon County, North Carolina. [2] The name is derived from the Greek "rhodon" for "rose-like", in common with other pink mineral types (such as rhodochrosite, rhodonite).
Carbuncle (/ ˈkɑːrbʌŋkəl /) is another name for a deep red almandine gemstone that has been cut with a smooth, convex face in a method called cabochon. [1] Traditionally, the term referred to any red gemstone, most often a red garnet. [2] Carbuncles and their chimeras have spanned three millennia. Intermingling red gems until the time of ...
Corundum is a crystalline form of aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3) typically containing traces of iron, titanium, vanadium, and chromium. [3] [4] It is a rock-forming mineral.It is a naturally transparent material, but can have different colors depending on the presence of transition metal impurities in its crystalline structure. [7]
Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet; Nd:Y 3 Al 5 O 12) is a crystal that is used as a lasing medium for solid-state lasers. The dopant , neodymium in the +3 oxidation state, Nd(III), typically replaces a small fraction (1%) of the yttrium ions in the host crystal structure of the yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), since the two ions are ...
Tiger's eye (also called tiger eye) is a chatoyant gemstone that is usually a metamorphic rock with a golden to red-brown colour and a silky lustre.As members of the quartz group, tiger's eye and the related blue-coloured mineral hawk's eye gain their silky, lustrous appearance from the parallel intergrowth of quartz crystals and altered amphibole fibres that have mostly turned into limonite.
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