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Book value. In accounting, book value is the value of an asset [ 1 ] according to its balance sheet account balance. For assets, the value is based on the original cost of the asset less any depreciation, amortization or impairment costs made against the asset. Traditionally, a company's book value is its total assets[clarification needed ...
Graham number. The Graham number or Benjamin Graham number is a figure used in securities investing that measures a stock 's so-called fair value. [] Named after Benjamin Graham, the founder of value investing, the Graham number can be calculated as follows: The final number is, theoretically, the maximum price that a defensive investor should ...
P/B ratio. The price-to-book ratio, or P/B ratio, (also PBR) is a financial ratio used to compare a company's current market value to its book value (where book value is the value of all assets minus liabilities owned by a company). The calculation can be performed in two ways, but the result should be the same.
The Benjamin Graham formula is a formula for the valuation of growth stocks. It was proposed by investor and professor of Columbia University, Benjamin Graham - often referred to as the "father of value investing". [1] Published in his book, The Intelligent Investor, Graham devised the formula for lay investors to help them with valuing growth ...
Debt-to-equity ratio. The debt-to-equity ratio (D/E) is a financial ratio indicating the relative proportion of shareholders' equity and debt used to finance a company's assets. [1] Closely related to leveraging, the ratio is also known as risk, gearing or leverage. The two components are often taken from the firm's balance sheet or statement ...
Valuation using multiples. In economics, valuation using multiples, or "relative valuation", is a process that consists of: identifying comparable assets (the peer group) and obtaining market values for these assets. converting these market values into standardized values relative to a key statistic, since the absolute prices cannot be compared.
Business valuation is a process and a set of procedures used to estimate the economic value of an owner's interest in a business. Here various valuation techniques are used by financial market participants to determine the price they are willing to pay or receive to effect a sale of the business. In addition to estimating the selling price of a ...
The equity ratio is a financial ratio indicating the relative proportion of equity used to finance a company's assets. The two components are often taken from the firm's balance sheet or statement of financial position (so-called book value), but the ratio may also be calculated using market values for both, if the company's equities are publicly traded.