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In mathematics, an equivalence relation is a binary relation that is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. The equipollence relation between line segments in geometry is a common example of an equivalence relation. A simpler example is equality. Any number is equal to itself (reflexive). If , then (symmetric).
An equivalence relation on a set is a binary relation on satisfying the three properties: [1] for all (reflexivity), implies for all (symmetry), if and then for all (transitivity). The equivalence class of an element is defined as [2] The word "class" in the term "equivalence class" may generally be considered as a synonym of "set", although ...
The minimal automaton accepting our language would have three states corresponding to these three equivalence classes. Another immediate corollary of the theorem is that if for a language the relation has infinitely many equivalence classes, it is not regular. It is this corollary that is frequently used to prove that a language is not regular.
Adequate equivalence relation. In algebraic geometry, a branch of mathematics, an adequate equivalence relation is an equivalence relation on algebraic cycles of smooth projective varieties used to obtain a well-working theory of such cycles, and in particular, well-defined intersection products. Pierre Samuel formalized the concept of an ...
In mathematics, a relation denotes some kind of relationship between two objects in a set, which may or may not hold. [ 1 ] As an example, " is less than " is a relation on the set of natural numbers; it holds, for instance, between the values 1 and 3 (denoted as 1 < 3), and likewise between 3 and 4 (denoted as 3 < 4), but not between the ...
The quotient space is then defined as , the set of all equivalence classes induced by on . Scalar multiplication and addition are defined on the equivalence classes by [2][3] for all , and. . It is not hard to check that these operations are well-defined (i.e. do not depend on the choice of representatives). These operations turn the quotient ...
Quotient space (topology) Illustration of the construction of a topological sphere as the quotient space of a disk, by gluing together to a single point the points (in blue) of the boundary of the disk. In topology and related areas of mathematics, the quotient space of a topological space under a given equivalence relation is a new topological ...
The congruence relation is an equivalence relation. The equivalence class modulo m of an integer a is the set of all integers of the form a + k m, where k is any integer. It is called the congruence class or residue class of a modulo m, and may be denoted as (a mod m), or as a or [a] when the modulus m is known from the context.