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The smaller silver coins of the German Empire were issued from 1873 at nominal values of 20 Pfennig and 1 Mark. 50 Pfennig coins were struck by the mints from 1875.As early as 1877 the 20 Pfennig silver coins were replaced by those made of cupro-nickel.
Prussia: 1 pfenning 1852.The obverse reads: 360 [make up] one thaler. German Empire: 10 pfennig iron coin 1917. The pfennig (German: [ˈpfɛnɪç] ⓘ; pl. 'pfennigs' or 'pfennige' (listen ⓘ); symbol pf or ₰) or penny is a former German coin or note, which was an official currency from the 9th century until the introduction of the euro in 2002.
With full German unification in 1871 and the introduction of a uniform German gold mark currency in 1873 there was little need for an institution like the Hamburger Bank to verify the value of the currency of a unified Germany. The bank was closed in 1875 with the Reichsthaler Banco or 3 Marks Banco converted to 4.5 gold marks.
The mark was on the gold standard from 1871 to 1914, but like most nations during World War I, the German Empire removed the gold backing in August 1914, and gold [1] coins ceased to circulate. After the fall of the Empire due to the November Revolution of 1918, the mark was succeeded by the Weimar Republic 's mark, derisively referred to as ...
In northern Germany, from the High Middle Ages, the schilling was widely considered to be the sixteenth part of a Lübisch Mark and was divided into 12 pfennigs, as had been customary since the Carolingian coin reform. The German silver schillings of modern times were comparable to the groschen and continued to mostly be worth 12 pfennigs.
As of 1690 the Gulden used in Southern Germany and the Austrian Empire adhered to the Leipzig standard, with the Gulden worth 1 ⁄ 18 a Cologne Mark of fine silver or 1 ⁄ 2 the Reichsthaler specie coin, or 12.992 g per Gulden. Below is a history (in terms of grams of silver) of the standards of the South German Gulden from 1690 until the ...
While the predominant North German thaler used in other North German states from 1750 to 1840 was issued 13 1 ⁄ 3 to a Mark and appeared in denominations of 2 ⁄ 3 and 1 1 ⁄ 3 thalers, the Prussian thaler was issued 14 to a Mark and appeared as a 1-thaler coin.
From 1840 the various North German thalers converged to the value of the Prussian thaler and afterwards the Vereinsthaler. The corresponding English silver coin of the period was the crown. The Low German word was adopted in English as daler by 1550, modified to dollar by about 1600. [1]
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