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Necrotizing pneumonia (NP), also known as cavitary pneumonia or cavitatory necrosis, is a rare but severe complication of lung parenchymal infection. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In necrotizing pneumonia, there is a substantial liquefaction following death of the lung tissue, which may lead to gangrene formation in the lung.
Bacterial infection is by far the most common cause of necrotizing fasciitis. Despite the term "flesh-eating disease," the organisms do not eat human tissue; rather, they release virulence factors and toxins that cause tissue death. Typically, the infection enters the body through a break in the skin such as a cut or burn. [3]
Liquefactive necrosis (or colliquative necrosis) is a type of necrosis which results in a transformation of the tissue into a liquid viscous mass. [1] Often it is associated with focal bacterial or fungal infections, and can also manifest as one of the symptoms of an internal chemical burn . [ 2 ]
Necrosis is caused by factors external to the cell or tissue, such as infection, or trauma which result in the unregulated digestion of cell components. In contrast, apoptosis is a naturally occurring programmed and targeted cause of cellular death. While apoptosis often provides beneficial effects to the organism, necrosis is almost always ...
Tumors, medications, allergic reactions, and infectious organisms are some of the recognized triggers for these conditions, even though the precise cause of many of them is unknown. Immune complex disease, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies , anti-endothelial cell antibodies, and cell-mediated immunity are examples of pathogenetic factors.
Various diagnostic methods can be employed in the diagnosis of Gas gangrene. Due to low incidence of myonecrosis it is an easy-to-overlook diagnosis. As bacterial infections mostly exhibit the same symptoms, early diagnosis of gas gangrene rarely occurs. The ambiguous symptoms only contribute to a poorer prognosis. Diagnostic methods include: [15]
Septicemic plague; Other names: Septicaemic plague: Septicemic plague resulting in necrosis: Specialty: Infectious diseases : Symptoms: DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) which causes : tissue death due to lack of circulation/perfusion to that tissue, bleeding into the skin and other organs, which can cause red and/or black patchy rash and hemoptysis/hermatemesis
The diagnosis of gangrene is based on symptoms and supported by tests such as medical imaging. [6] Treatment may involve surgery to remove the dead tissue, antibiotics to treat any infection, and efforts to address the underlying cause. [5] Surgical efforts may include debridement, amputation, or the use of maggot therapy. [5]