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International English Language Testing System (IELTS / ˈ aɪ. ɛ l t s /) [6] is an international standardized test of English language proficiency for non-native English language speakers. It is jointly managed by the British Council, IDP and Cambridge English, [6] and was established in 1989. IELTS is one of the major English-language tests ...
The European Language Certificates (telc; also known as telc language tests) are international standardised tests of ten languages.. telc gGmbH is a non-profit language test, examination and certificate provider based in Frankfurt am Main.
Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch. [1] [2] [3] [4]For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.
Audio recordings for self-study use many of the methods used in classroom teaching, and have been produced on records, tapes, CDs, DVDs, and websites. Most audio recordings teach content words in the target language by using explanations in the learner's own language. An alternative is to use sound effects to show meaning of words in the target ...
The academic discipline of second-language acquisition is a sub-discipline of applied linguistics.It is broad-based and relatively new. As well as the various branches of linguistics, second-language acquisition is also closely related to psychology and education.
Natural language processing (NLP) is a subfield of computer science and especially artificial intelligence.It is primarily concerned with providing computers with the ability to process data encoded in natural language and is thus closely related to information retrieval, knowledge representation and computational linguistics, a subfield of linguistics.
A diversity of earlier Southern dialects once existed: a consequence of the mix of English speakers from the British Isles (including largely English and Scots-Irish immigrants) who migrated to the American South in the 17th and 18th centuries, with particular 19th-century elements also borrowed from the London upper class and enslaved African-Americans.
Lesbian Period Drama — "From the makers of Portrait of a Lady on Fire and The Favourite" comes this hauntingly-lensed film featuring a cold, seaside setting, c. 1840; two straight actresses (Heidi Gardner and episode host Carey Mulligan) in the lead roles; 12 lines of dialog in a 2 1 ⁄ 2-hour run time; and "a sex scene so graphic, you'll ...