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The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) is a map projection system for assigning coordinates to locations on the surface of the Earth. Like the traditional method of latitude and longitude , it is a horizontal position representation , which means it ignores altitude and treats the earth surface as a perfect ellipsoid .
This transverse, ellipsoidal form of the Mercator is finite, unlike the equatorial Mercator. Forms the basis of the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system. 1922 Roussilhe oblique stereographic: Henri Roussilhe 1903 Hotine oblique Mercator Cylindrical Conformal M. Rosenmund, J. Laborde, Martin Hotine 1855 Gall stereographic: Cylindrical
The spherical form of the transverse Mercator projection was one of the seven new projections presented, in 1772, by Johann Heinrich Lambert. [1] [2] (The text is also available in a modern English translation. [3]) Lambert did not name his projections; the name transverse Mercator dates from the second half of the nineteenth century. [4]
Universal Transverse Mercator zones on an equirectangular world map with major circles of latitude by CMG Lee. Red labels denote irregular zones. New York City's zone is shown as an example.
Mercator projection (conformal cylindrical projection) Mercator projection of normal aspect (Every rhumb line is drawn as a straight line on the map.) Transverse Mercator projection. Gauss–Krüger coordinate system (This projection preserves lengths on the central meridian on an ellipsoid) Oblique Mercator projection
The implementation of the transverse Mercator projection in Great Britain is fully described in the OSGB document A guide to coordinate systems in Great Britain, Appendices A.1, A.2 and C. [6] datum: OSGB36 ellipsoid: Airy 1830 major axis: 6 377 563.396 minor axis: 6 356 256.909 central meridian longitude: 2°W central meridian scale factor : 0 ...
[1] [2] [3] In a map projection, coordinates, often expressed as latitude and longitude, of locations from the surface of the globe are transformed to coordinates on a plane. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Projection is a necessary step in creating a two-dimensional map and is one of the essential elements of cartography.
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM): not a single coordinate system, but a series of 60 zones (each being a gore 6° wide), each a system with its own Transverse Mercator projection. Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS): a pair of coordinate systems covering the Arctic and Antarctica using a Stereographic projection.