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One reason depression is thought to be a pathology is that it causes so much psychic pain and distress. However, physical pain is also very distressful, yet it has an evolved function: to inform the organism that it is being damaged, to motivate it to withdraw from the source of damage, and to learn to avoid such damage-causing circumstances in the future.
Furthermore, studies with non-human primates found that stress, which is a predisposing factor to depression in humans, impairs hippocampal neurogenesis. [ 8 ] However, other studies have demonstrated that neuronal ablation does not always impair neurogenesis in laboratory animals. [ 9 ]
Unlike humans and other mammals, snakes do not possess an outer ear, a middle ear, and a tympanum but have an inner ear structure with cochleas directly connected to their jawbone. [95] They are able to feel the vibrations generated from the sound waves in their jaw as they move on the ground.
Ophidiophobia (/ ə ˌ f ɪ d i oʊ ˈ f oʊ b i ə /), or ophiophobia (/ ˌ oʊ f i oʊ ˈ f oʊ b i ə /), is fear of snakes. It is sometimes called by the more general term herpetophobia, fear of reptiles. The word comes from the Greek words "ophis" (ὄφις), snake, and "phobia" (φοβία) meaning fear. [1]
[9] [10] Chronic stress, and a lack of coping resources available, or used by an individual, can often lead to the development of psychological issues such as delusions, [11] depression and anxiety (see below for further information). [12] Chronic stress also causes brain atrophy, which is the loss of neurons and the connections between them ...
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An early study that coined the term "alpha wolf" had only observed unrelated adult wolves living in captivity. In the wild, wolf packs operate like families: parents are in charge until the young grow up and start their own families, and younger wolves do not overthrow an "alpha" to become the new leader. [43] [44] Bats are not blind.
With warming weather, snakes are coming out of brumation, a type of hibernation, increasing pets’ risk of encountering them. Not all snakes are venomous, but a bite can still injure your dog or cat.