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With medium to large power plant and desalination plants, the power plant's cooling water flow is likely to be several times larger than that of the desalination plant, reducing the salinity of the combination. Another method to dilute the brine is to mix it via a diffuser in a mixing zone.
Waste heat from the power plant is used to heat the seawater, providing cooling for the power plant at the same time. This reduces the energy needed by half to two-thirds, which drastically alters the economics of the plant, since energy is by far the largest operating cost of MSF plants. Reverse osmosis, MSF distillation's main competitor ...
Schematic of a multiple effect desalination plant. The first stage is at the top. Pink areas are vapor, lighter blue areas are liquid feed water. Stronger turquoise is condensate. It is not shown how feed water enters other stages than the first. F - feed water in. S - heating steam in. C - heating steam out. W - Fresh water (condensate) out.
El Paso Water is planning to boost average water bills by $3.54 per month. An expansion of the Kay Bailey Hutchison Desalination Plant is planned.
Estimates put construction of a plant generating 30 million gallons of water per day at about $541.5 million, with a total cost of $757.5 million.
In China a desalination plant was planned for Tianjin in 2010, to produce 100,000 m³ of desalinated seawater a day. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] In Spain in 2004, 20 reverse osmosis plants were planned to be built along the Costas, expecting to meet slightly over 1% of Spain's total water needs.
Single phase desalination is predominantly accomplished with photovoltaics that produce electricity to drive RO pumps. Over 15,000 desalination plants operate around the world. Nearly 70% use RO, yielding 44% of desalination. [38] Alternative methods that use solar thermal collection to provide mechanical energy to drive RO are in development.
The future of what may become the Coastal Bend’s first desalination plant will likely soon become more clear after years of lengthy discussions and heated debate.