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A resurrected object may be treated the same as other objects, or may be treated specially. In many languages, notably C#, Java, and Python (from Python 3.4), objects are only finalized once, to avoid the possibility of an object being repeatedly resurrected or even being indestructible; in C# objects with finalizers by default are only finalized once, but can be re-registered for finalization.
Some object-oriented languages such as C#, C++ (later versions), Delphi (later versions), Go, Java (later versions), Lua, Perl, Python, Ruby provide an intrinsic way of iterating through the elements of a collection without an explicit iterator. An iterator object may exist, but is not represented in the source code. [4] [6]
In object-oriented programming, the iterator pattern is a design pattern in which an iterator is used to traverse a container and access the container's elements. The iterator pattern decouples algorithms from containers; in some cases, algorithms are necessarily container-specific and thus cannot be decoupled.
The types of objects that can be iterated across (my_list in the example) are based on classes that inherit from the library class ITERABLE. The iteration form of the Eiffel loop can also be used as a boolean expression when the keyword loop is replaced by either all (effecting universal quantification) or some (effecting existential ...
A representative example in Python is: for an item in some_iterable_object : do_something () do_something_else () Where some_iterable_object is either a data collection that supports implicit iteration (like a list of employee's names), or may be an iterator itself.
Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...
Although object creation involves some subtleties, [10] the creation of an attribute with a typical declaration x: T as expressed in a creation instruction create x.make consists of the following sequence of steps: Create a new direct instance of type T. [c] Execute the creation procedure make to the newly created instance.
In C#, class methods, indexers, properties and events can all be overridden. Non-virtual or static methods cannot be overridden. The overridden base method must be virtual, abstract, or override. In addition to the modifiers that are used for method overriding, C# allows the hiding of an inherited property or method.