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The oppositional gaze is a term coined by bell hooks the 1992 essay The Oppositional Gaze: Black Female Spectators that refers to the power of looking. According to hooks, an oppositional gaze is a way that a Black person in a subordinate position communicates their status. hooks' essay is a work of feminist film theory that discusses the male gaze, Michel Foucault, and white feminism in film ...
The term "female gaze" was created as a response to the proposed concept of the male gaze as coined by Laura Mulvey. In particular, it is a rebellion against the viewership censored to an only masculine lens and feminine desire regardless of the viewer's gender identity or sexual orientation. [ 13 ]
The oppositional gaze: The academic bell hooks developed male-gaze theory to account for the exclusion and invisibility of black women from the male gaze and idealized white womanhood. In the essay "The Oppositional Gaze: Black Female Spectators" (1997), [ 40 ] the academic bell hooks said that black women are placed outside the "pleasure in ...
The “oppositional gaze” is a response to Mulvey's visual pleasure and states that just as women do not identify with female characters that are not "real," women of color should respond similarly to the one denominational caricatures of black women. [30]
Gloria Jean Watkins (September 25, 1952 – December 15, 2021), better known by her pen name bell hooks (stylized in lowercase), [1] was an American author, theorist, educator, and social critic who was a Distinguished Professor in Residence at Berea College. [2]
The female gaze is a feminist theory term referring to the gaze of the female spectator, character or director of an artistic work, but more than the gender it is an ...
The rejection of the dominant group's definition of black women and black women's imposition of their own self-definition indicates a "collective Black women's consciousness". [16] The expression of black women's consciousness and standpoint is an integral part of developing Black feminist thought. [ 17 ]
Externalizing disorders (or externalising disorders) are mental disorders characterized by externalizing behaviors, maladaptive behaviors directed toward an individual's environment, which cause impairment or interference in life functioning.