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Cross-species transmission is the most significant cause of disease emergence in humans and other species. [citation needed] Wildlife zoonotic diseases of microbial origin are also the most common group of human emerging diseases, and CST between wildlife and livestock has appreciable economic impacts in agriculture by reducing livestock productivity and imposing export restrictions. [2]
Another large group of vectors are flies. Sandfly species transmit the disease leishmaniasis, by acting as vectors for protozoan Leishmania species, and tsetse flies transmit protozoan trypansomes (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypansoma brucei rhodesiense) which cause African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). Ticks and lice form another ...
Furthermore, wildlife disease is a disease when one of the hosts includes a wildlife species. In many cases, wildlife hosts can act as a reservoir of diseases that spillover into domestic animals, people and other species. Wildlife diseases spread through both direct contact between two individual animals or indirectly through the environment.
Non-native invasive species can disrupt ecosystems because they do not have natural predators, or other ecological checks-and-balances. Thus, with less competition from native species, non-native populations can explode. [9] Invasive insects and pathogens have eliminated entire tree species from forests of the United States in as little as decades.
Coillte, who owned twenty forests where the disease was present, felled 16,000 trees in one of its forests, having already felled 150 hectares to contain the disease. [15] In 2023 the disease was found to be infecting larch trees at Wyming Brook, Sheffield, with plans to fell over 1,000 trees to contain the spread of the infection. [16]
A zoonosis (/ z oʊ ˈ ɒ n ə s ɪ s, ˌ z oʊ ə ˈ n oʊ s ɪ s / ⓘ; [1] pl.: zoonoses) or zoonotic disease is an infectious disease of humans caused by a pathogen (an infectious agent, such as a bacterium, virus, parasite, or prion) that can jump from a non-human vertebrate to a human.
The disease spread rapidly across the world, and thousands of dogs died from the infection. [13] The virus originated in cats, the vector of feline panleukopenia, but a mutation that changed just two amino acids in the viral capsid protein VP2 [14] allowed it to cross the species barrier, and dogs, unlike cats, had no resistance to the disease ...
The virus is thought to have originated in Africa where the virus has been observed in multiple animals, including rope squirrels, tree squirrels, Gambian pouched rats, dormice, and different species of monkeys. Though the natural reservoir of the monkeypox virus has not yet been established, rodents are speculated to be the most likely reservoir.