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A myxoma is a rare benign tumor of the heart. Myxomata are the most common primary cardiac tumor in adults, and are most commonly found within the left atrium near the valve of the fossa ovalis. Myxoma may also develop in the other heart chambers. [1] The tumor is derived from multipotent mesenchymal cells. [1]
Symptoms associated with cardiac myxomas are typically due to the effect of the mass of the tumor obstructing the normal flow of blood within the chambers of the heart. Because pedunculated myxomas are somewhat mobile, symptoms may only occur when the patient is in a particular position. Some symptoms of myxoma may be associated with the ...
Carney complex and its subsets LAMB syndrome [1] and NAME syndrome [1] are autosomal dominant conditions comprising myxomas of the heart and skin, hyperpigmentation of the skin (lentiginosis), and endocrine overactivity. [2] [3] It is distinct from Carney's triad. Approximately 7% of all cardiac myxomas are associated with Carney complex. [4]
Prompt resection is indicated for myxomas due to the risk of embolization or cardiovascular complications. Close observation has also been suggested for cardiac tumors that are small (<1 cm) and non-mobile. [11] The malignant tumors of the heart have a worse prognosis.
A papillary fibroelastoma is a primary tumor of the heart that typically involves one of the heart valves. [1] Papillary fibroelastomas, while considered uncommon, make up about 10 percent of all primary tumors of the heart. [2] They are the third most common type of primary tumor of the heart, [3] behind cardiac myxomas and cardiac lipomas.
The most common type of primary tumors in adults—when they do happen—are myxomas. Myxomas are benign tumors that arise from the mesenchymal connective tissue inside the heart, as opposed to the actual myocytes, or the heart cells, since as an adult, the heart’s fully developed and its cells, or myocytes, are permanent and don’t proliferate.
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Most heart tumors begin with myxomas, fibromas, rhabdomyomas, and hamartomas, although malignant sarcomas (such as angiosarcoma or cardiac sarcoma) have been known to occur. In a study of 12,487 autopsies performed in Hong Kong seven cardiac tumors were found, most of which were benign. [1]
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