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The perfect fifth may be derived from the harmonic series as the interval between the second and third harmonics. In a diatonic scale, the dominant note is a perfect fifth above the tonic note. The perfect fifth is more consonant, or stable, than any other interval except the unison and the octave.
A Pythagorean comma is the difference between twelve justly tuned perfect fifths and seven octaves. It is expressed by the frequency ratio 531441:524288 (23.5 cents). A syntonic comma is the difference between four justly tuned perfect fifths and two octaves plus a major third. It is expressed by the ratio 81:80 (21.5 cents).
There are three types of fifth intervals, namely perfect fifths (7 semitones), diminished fifth (6 semitones), and; augmented fifth (8 semitones). After the unison and octave intervals, the perfect fifth is the most important interval in tonal harmony. It is highly consonant.
So-called hidden consecutives, also called direct or covered octaves or fifths, [11] [nb 3] occur when two independent parts approach a single perfect fifth or octave by similar motion instead of oblique or contrary motion. A single fifth or octave approached this way is sometimes called an exposed fifth or exposed octave.
For example, a just perfect fifth (for example C to G) is 3:2 (Play ⓘ), 1.5, and may be approximated by an equal tempered perfect fifth (Play ⓘ) which is 2 7/12 (about 1.498). If the A above middle C is 440 Hz , the perfect fifth above it would be E , at (440*1.5=) 660 Hz, while the equal tempered E5 is 659.255 Hz.
In music theory, the circle of fifths (sometimes also cycle of fifths) is a way of organizing pitches as a sequence of perfect fifths. Starting on a C, and using the standard system of tuning for Western music ( 12-tone equal temperament ), the sequence is: C, G, D, A, E, B, F ♯ /G ♭ , C ♯ /D ♭ , G ♯ /A ♭ , D ♯ /E ♭ , A ♯ /B ...
In music, an octave (Latin: octavus: eighth) or perfect octave (sometimes called the diapason) [2] is a series of eight notes occupying the interval between (and including) two notes, one having twice the frequency of vibration of the other. The octave relationship is a natural phenomenon that has been referred to as the "basic miracle of music ...
This objective structure is augmented by psychoacoustic phenomena. For example, a perfect fifth, say 200 and 300 Hz (cycles per second), causes a listener to perceive a combination tone of 100 Hz (the difference between 300 Hz and 200 Hz); that is, an octave below the lower (actual sounding) note. This 100 Hz first-order combination tone then ...