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Ultra-high-temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are a type of refractory ceramics that can withstand extremely high temperatures without degrading, often above 2,000 °C. [1] They also often have high thermal conductivities and are highly resistant to thermal shock, meaning they can withstand sudden and extreme changes in temperature without cracking or breaking.
On the other side bulk ceramics made of ultra-high temperature ceramics (e.g. ZrB 2, HfB 2, or their composites) are hard materials which show low erosion even above 2000 °C but are heavy and suffer of catastrophic fracture and low thermal shock resistance compared to CMCs. Failure is easily under mechanical or thermo-mechanical loads because ...
Refractory materials are classified into three types based on fusion temperature (melting point). Normal refractories have a fusion temperature of 1580–1780 °C (e.g. fire clay) High refractories have a fusion temperature of 1780–2000 °C (e.g. chromite) Super refractories have a fusion temperature of > 2000 °C (e.g. zirconia)
High temperature capability; Phase stability at high temperatures; Chemical Compatibility with the CMC and additional layers; High Hardness and toughness to protect against Foreign Object Damage (FOD) and erosion; Typically when coating with an EBC a bond coat is required to support good adhesion to the CMC component.
The purpose of the refractory lining is to insulate the steel shell from the high temperatures inside the kiln, and to protect it from the corrosive properties of the process material. It may consist of refractory bricks or cast refractory concrete, or may be absent in zones of the kiln that are below approximately 250 °C (482 °F).
High-temperature or refractory ... cement, and hydrocarbon processing. ... Typical end-uses for vermiculite dispersions include inclusion in high temperature coatings ...
As a refractory (e.g., in jet engines). As a thermal barrier coating in gas turbines. As an electroceramic due to its ion-conducting properties (e.g., to determine oxygen content in exhaust gases, to measure pH in high-temperature water, in fuel cells). Used in the production of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC).
Sodium silicate may be used for various paints and coatings, such as those used on welding rods. Such coatings can be cured in two ways. One method is to heat a thin layer of sodium silicate into a gel and then into a hard film. To make the coating water-resistant, high temperatures of 100 °C (212 °F; 373 K) are needed. [16]
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