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Listwise deletion will exclude these respondents from analysis. This may create a bias as participants who do divulge this information may have different characteristics than participants who do not. Multiple imputation is an alternate technique for dealing with missing data that attempts to eliminate this bias.
Krippendorff's alpha coefficient, [1] named after academic Klaus Krippendorff, is a statistical measure of the agreement achieved when coding a set of units of analysis.. Since the 1970s, alpha has been used in content analysis where textual units are categorized by trained readers, in counseling and survey research where experts code open-ended interview data into analyzable terms, in ...
Each value represents the set of shuffles having at least p values m 1, ..., m p in the correct position. Note that the number of shuffles with at least p values correct only depends on p, not on the particular values of . For example, the number of shuffles having the 1st, 3rd, and 17th cards in the correct position is the same as the number ...
In a dynamically typed language, where type can only be determined at runtime, many type errors can only be detected at runtime. For example, the Python code a + b is syntactically valid at the phrase level, but the correctness of the types of a and b can only be determined at runtime, as variables do not have types in Python, only values do.
U.S. farm industry groups want President-elect Donald Trump to spare their sector from his promise of mass deportations, which could upend a food supply chain heavily dependent on immigrants in ...
High school football enthusiasts who want to place a bet on a big game have no choice but to turn to an offshore site. Accepting a wager on high school sports is outlawed in Nevada and other U.S ...
Lazy evaluation is often combined with memoization, as described in Jon Bentley's Writing Efficient Programs. [4] After a function's value is computed for that parameter or set of parameters, the result is stored in a lookup table that is indexed by the values of those parameters; the next time the function is called, the table is consulted to ...
The new Los Angeles County District Attorney is speaking out about the Menendez brothers and the notion that the siblings, who claimed they endured years of sex abuse, didn't get a fair trial ...