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The cost of construction in Pakistan was projected to increase by 30 to 50% due to implementation of a new building code which required strengthening of structures to withstand earthquake of 8 to 8.5 magnitude. The demand for cement increased due to reconstruction after the earthquake. The price of cement increased by 50% and Pakistan ...
Maple Leaf Cement was founded in 1956 by the West Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation in a collaboration with the Government of Canada. [7] [8] The initial production capacity was 120,000 tons per annum (tpa) of ordinary Portland cement, which increased by an additional 180,000 tpa in 1960.
Soil sealing or soil surface sealing is the loss of soil resources due to the covering of land for housing, roads or other construction work. [1] Covering or replacing the topsoil with impervious materials like asphalt and cement as a result of urban development and infrastructure construction paired with compaction of the underlying soil layers results in the mostly irreversible loss of ...
The United States loses almost 3 tons of topsoil per acre per year. [16] 1 inch (2.5 cm) of topsoil can take between 500 [17] and 1,000 years [18] to form naturally, making the rate of topsoil erosion a serious ecological concern. Based on 2014 trends, the world has about 60 years of topsoil left.
Pakistan has experienced an economic crisis as part of the 2022 political unrest. It has caused severe economic challenges for months due to which food, gas and oil prices have risen. As of 1 January 2025 Pakistan inflation rate was 4.1% lowest in 6.75 years. The Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused fuel prices to rise worldwide. Excessive ...
Higher moisture content or increased electrolyte concentration can lower resistivity and increase conductivity, thereby increasing the rate of corrosion. [ 123 ] [ 124 ] Soil resistivity values typically range from about 1 to 100000 Ω ·m, extreme values being for saline soils and dry soils overlaying crystalline rocks, respectively.
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In the fiscal year 1949–50, Pakistan recorded a national savings rate of 2%, a foreign savings rate of 2%, and an investment rate of 4%. Manufacturing contributed 7.8% to the GDP, while services, trade, and other sectors accounted for a significant 39%, reflecting a policy centered around import-substituting industrialization .