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Angiosarcoma is found to occur in 0.07% to 0.45% of people who survive at least 5 years after a radical mastectomy.Although the majority of Stewart-Treves syndrome-related angiosarcomas are caused by post-mastectomy lymphedema, angiosarcoma development has been linked to persistent lymphedema of any origin.
Secondary lymphedema is a condition characterized by swelling of the soft tissues in which an excessive amount of lymph has accumulated, and is caused by certain malignant diseases such as Hodgkin's disease and Kaposi sarcoma. [1]: 849
Several research groups have hypothesized that chronic inflammation is a key regulator in the development of lymphedema. Th cells, particularly Th2 differentiation, play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of lymphedema. Research has shown that increased expression of Th2-inducing cytokines in the epidermal cells of the lymphoedematous limb.
Awareness of lymphedema -- excessive, debilitating swelling related to lymph node blockage -- is growing, particularly as it affects women after breast cancer treatment. Treatments like surgery ...
Lymphangiosarcoma is a rare cancer which occurs in long-standing cases of primary or secondary lymphedema (swelling due to lymphatic system obstruction). It involves either the upper or lower lymphedematous extremities but is most common in upper extremities. [1]
Lymphedema most commonly arises in the arms or legs, but can also occur in the chest wall, genitals, neck, and abdomen. [35] Secondary lymphedema usually results from the removal of lymph nodes during breast cancer surgery or from other damaging treatments such as radiation. It can also be caused by some parasitic infections.
Some forms of cancer will also cause PGL. Sometimes, despite exhaustive investigation, no cause for PGL is found. For the patient and the physician, this can continue to be a source of concern, but many adults have had PGL all their lives and suffered no ill effects. In others, the PGL may persist for a decade or more and then mysteriously subside.
Angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive cancer that starts in the endothelial cells that line the walls of blood vessels or lymphatic vessels.Since they are made from vascular lining, they can appear anywhere and at any age, but older people are more commonly affected, and the skin is the most affected area, with approximately 60% of cases being cutaneous (skin).