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A collage of JSRV-infected sheep lung tumors. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), also known as ovine pulmonary adenomatosis, or jaagsiekte, is a chronic and contagious disease of the lungs of sheep and goats. OPA is caused by a retrovirus called jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV).
JSRV is the virus that is the cause of the contagious lung tumors in sheep called ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA). The disease has also been called "jaagsiekte", after the Afrikaans words for "chase" (jaag) and "sickness" (siekte), to describe the respiratory distress observed in an animal out of breath from being chased, indicating the breathing difficulty experienced by infected sheep.
[2] [3] The virus causes tumor growth in the upper nasal cavity and is closely related to JSRV which also causes respiratory tumors in ovine. [4] The disease, enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma is common in North America and is found in sheep and goats on every continent except New Zealand and Australia . [ 5 ]
Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma is a fatal, malignant neoplastic, infectious disease in sheep and goats. It is caused by the Enzootic nasal tumor virus , a retrovirus similar to Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus , which causes a similar disease, also in sheep and goats called Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA). [ 1 ]
Sheep and goats are both small ruminants with cosmopolitan distributions due to their being kept historically and in modern times as grazers both individually and in herds in return for their production of milk, wool, and meat. [1]
First described in 1954 by Bjorn Sigurdsson in Iceland, [6] Maedi-visna virus was the first lentivirus to be isolated and characterized, accomplished in 1957 by Sigurdsson. [6] [7] [8] Maedi (Icelandic mæði 'dyspnoea') and visna (Icelandic visna 'wasting' [9] or 'shrinking' of the spinal cord) refer to endemic sheep herd conditions that were only found to be related after Sigurdsson's work.
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A. Abalone shriveling syndrome-associated virus; Abelson murine leukemia virus; Adelaide River ephemerovirus; Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma; African horse sickness