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Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E; [4] the anionic form is known as glutamate) is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins.It is a non-essential nutrient for humans, meaning that the human body can synthesize enough for its use.
Protein synthesis, as any other of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids; Lipid synthesis, especially by cancer cells. [8] Regulation of acid-base balance in the kidney by producing ammonium [9] Cellular energy, as a source, next to glucose [10] Nitrogen donation for many anabolic processes, including the synthesis of purines [7]
Glucose can be broken down and converted into lipids. It is also a precursor for the synthesis of other important molecules such as vitamin C (ascorbic acid). In living organisms, glucose is converted to several other chemical compounds that are the starting material for various metabolic pathways.
Most amino acids are synthesized from α-ketoacids, and later transaminated from another amino acid, usually glutamate. The enzyme involved in this reaction is an aminotransferase. α-ketoacid + glutamate ⇄ amino acid + α-ketoglutarate. Glutamate itself is formed by amination of α-ketoglutarate: α-ketoglutarate + NH + 4 ⇄ glutamate
Glutamate is a very major constituent of a wide variety of proteins; consequently it is one of the most abundant amino acids in the human body. [1] Glutamate is formally classified as a non-essential amino acid, because it can be synthesized (in sufficient quantities for health) from α-ketoglutaric acid, which is produced as part of the citric acid cycle by a series of reactions whose ...
Glutamine synthetase uses ammonia produced by nitrate reduction, amino acid degradation, and photorespiration. [4] The amide group of glutamate is a nitrogen source for the synthesis of glutamine pathway metabolites. [5] Other reactions may take place via GS.
[19] [20] The name comes from the Greek word γλυκύς "sweet tasting" [21] (which is also related to the prefixes glyco-and gluco-, as in glycoprotein and glucose). In 1858, the French chemist Auguste Cahours determined that glycine was an amine of acetic acid .
N-Acetylglutamic acid is the second intermediate in the arginine production pathway in Escherichia coli and is produced via NAGS. [5] In this pathway, N-acetylglutamic acid kinase (NAGK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of the gamma (third) carboxyl group of N-acetylglutamic acid using the phosphate produced by hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate ...
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