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In mathematics, the eccentricity of a conic section is a non-negative real number that uniquely characterizes its shape. One can think of the eccentricity as a measure of how much a conic section deviates from being circular. In particular: The eccentricity of a circle is 0. The eccentricity of an ellipse which is not a circle is between 0 and 1.
In addition to the eccentricity (e), foci, and directrix, various geometric features and lengths are associated with a conic section. The principal axis is the line joining the foci of an ellipse or hyperbola, and its midpoint is the curve's center. A parabola has no center. The linear eccentricity (c) is the distance between the center and a ...
Horizontal eccentricity, in vision, degrees of visual angle from the center of the eye; Eccentric contraction, the lengthening of muscle fibers; Eccentric position of a surveying tripod, to be able to measure hidden points; Eccentric training, the motion of an active muscle while it is lengthening under load; Eccentricity, a deviation from ...
The eccentricity ϵ(v) of a vertex v is the greatest distance between v and any other vertex; in symbols, = (,). It can be thought of as how far a node is from the node most distant from it in the graph. The radius r of a graph is the minimum eccentricity of any vertex or, in symbols,
For this case, the linear eccentricity is =, the eccentricity = and the semi-latus rectum =. The graph of the equation y = 1 / x {\displaystyle y=1/x} is a rectangular hyperbola. Parametric representation with hyperbolic sine/cosine
An ellipse (red) obtained as the intersection of a cone with an inclined plane. Ellipse: notations Ellipses: examples with increasing eccentricity. In mathematics, an ellipse is a plane curve surrounding two focal points, such that for all points on the curve, the sum of the two distances to the focal points is a constant.
The mean eccentricity of an object is the average eccentricity as a result of perturbations over a given time period. Neptune currently has an instant (current epoch ) eccentricity of 0.011 3 , [ 11 ] but from 1800 to 2050 has a mean eccentricity of 0.008 59 .
eccentricity The eccentricity of a vertex is the farthest distance from it to any other vertex. edge An edge is (together with vertices) one of the two basic units out of which graphs are constructed. Each edge has two (or in hypergraphs, more) vertices to which it is attached, called its endpoints.