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In dose-ranging studies, tamoxifen was administered at very high doses in women (e.g., 300 mg/m 2) and was found to produce acute neurotoxicity including tremor, hyperreflexia, unsteady gait, and dizziness. [12] These symptoms occurred within three to five days of therapy and disappeared within two to five days of discontinuation of therapy. [12]
Tamoxifen has become the treatment of choice for women diagnosed with all stages of hormone-responsive breast cancer, that is, breast cancer that is both ER and/or progesterone positive. In the US, it is also administered for prophylactic chemoprevention in women identified as high risk for breast cancer. [25]
Tamoxifen is also thought to lower the risk of breast cancer in those who have a predisposition or at risk. [9] Tamoxifen may be used in pre and postmenopausal women. [10] Toremifene is a similar SERM drug to tamoxifen, but is less common and only approved for treatment of metastatic cancer. Toremifene is generally prescribed once tamoxifen is ...
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
Perhaps the most familiar example of hormonal therapy in oncology is the use of the selective estrogen-response modulator tamoxifen for the treatment of breast cancer, although another class of hormonal agents, aromatase inhibitors, now have an expanding role in that disease.
Estrogen and other hormones are given to postmenopausal women in order to prevent osteoporosis as well as treat the symptoms of menopause such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, urinary stress incontinence, chilly sensations, dizziness, fatigue, irritability, and sweating. Fractures of the spine, wrist, and hips decrease by 50 to 70% and spinal ...
The drug Tamoxifen is a commonly administered drug used to treat luminal cancers in patients. [12] Half of patients treated with Tamoxifen are resistant to the drug. [12] Overexpression of ZNF703 has been linked to Tamoxifen resistance. [12]
AFPep increases the efficacy and decreases the toxicities of tamoxifen. Tamoxifen has been a very effective drug for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. But tamoxifen has certain toxicities and side effects [12] [13] [14] such as uterine hyperplasia which can lead to endometrial cancer. Moreover, some breast cancers ...
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