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When Mao Zedong broke the relations with Khrushchev's USSR in 1961, Togliatti wrote a work, the Yalta memorial, where he defended the right of building socialism in an autonomous way pursued by Mao. [19] The Party had a great attention and very good opinion on the Non-Aligned Movement Countries.
In the big cities of northern and central Italy or in economically developed agricultural areas, socialism was more widely spread than in southern Italy or underdeveloped areas. [4] Lack of education and poverty created inevitable barriers for lower-class people to participate in the movement.
Maoism, officially Mao Zedong Thought, [a] is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed while trying to realize a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China and later the People's Republic of China.
For the PMLI, there has been no authentically socialist country in the world since Mao's death. [59] Being a supporter of Marxist–Leninist atheism, it is an atheist party; [4] at the same time, citing Mao, anti-clerical and communist supporters are accepted as party sympathizers and can carry out propaganda for the party. [106] [107]
The communist left in Italy was formed during World War I in organizations like the Italian Socialist Party and the Communist Party of Italy. The Italian left considers itself to be Leninist in nature, but denounces Marxism–Leninism as a form of bourgeois opportunism materialized in the Soviet Union under Stalin .
Marxism–Leninism–Maoism completely rejects the Three Worlds Theory of Mao Zedong Thought, considering it part of the right-wards turn in the Communist Party of China led by Deng Xiaoping near the end of Chairman Mao's life and a deviation from Marxist–Leninist theories of imperialism. [9]
Mao's greatest divergence with Stalin was during his radical phase in the 1960s when he said that there is the possibility of an entire bourgeoisie developing inside the Communist Party bureaucracy in a socialist (pre-communist) society, and restoring capitalism from within. The leaders of this domestic bourgeoisie were the "people in positions ...
He was a founding member of the Communist Party of Italy (Partito Comunista d'Italia, PCd'I), which was founded as the result of a split from the Italian Socialist Party (Partito Socialista Italiano, PSI) in 1921. [1] In 1926, the PCd'I was made illegal, alongside the other parties, by Benito Mussolini's government.