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The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) is the foreign intelligence agency of India. The agency's primary function is gathering foreign intelligence, counter-terrorism, counter-proliferation, advising Indian policymakers, and advancing India's foreign strategic interests. [4] [5] It is also involved in the security of India's nuclear programme.
The Aviation Research Centre (ARC) is India's imagery intelligence organisation, a part of the Directorate General of Security, run by the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW). [1] It started functioning in November 1962, in the wake of the Sino-Indian War, as an extension of the Intelligence Bureau, but placed under the Ministry of External Affairs.
Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) is the primary foreign intelligence agency of India. The agency's primary function is gathering foreign intelligence, counter-terrorism, counterproliferation, advising Indian policymakers, and advancing India's foreign strategic interests. It is also involved in the security of India's nuclear programme.
The head of R&AW is designated "Secretary (R)" in the Cabinet Secretariat. Two Special Joint Secretaries, reporting to the Additional Secretary, head the Electronics and Technical Department which is the nodal agency for Electronics and Technical Services (ETS) and the Radio Research Centre (RRC) are under the direct command of the Secretary (R).
The Special Group was created in 1981 as a classified unit under Research and Analysis Wing tasked for undertaking covert operations. [5] [7] The Directorate General of Security, [5] which was a confidential organisation created with assistance from the CIA after the Sino-Indian War of 1962, was put under the control of R&AW in 1968.
Although the R&AW was established only in 1968, by the 1971 war, it had become a highly efficient and formidable force. Kao is credited to have, in only three years of R&AW's existence, helped in bringing about the creation of a new nation. Former chairman of Joint Intelligence Committee K.N. Daruwala has said:
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This delay was attributed to an alleged "turf war" between NTRO and the Aviation Research Centre (ARC)—the technical and airborne division of the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW). NTRO was meant to utilise spy satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and surveillance aircraft. However, NTRO possessed only satellites, while ARC had aircraft.