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Nuclear receptors are specific to metazoans (animals) and are not found in protists, algae, fungi, or plants. [8] Amongst the early-branching animal lineages with sequenced genomes, two have been reported from the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica, two from the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi [9] four from the placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens and 17 from the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. [10]
The ability of nuclear receptors to alternate between activation and repression in response to specific molecular cues, is now known to be attributable in large part to a diverse group of cellular factors, collectively termed coregulators and including coactivators and corepressors.
Although small molecules can enter the nucleus without regulation, [1] macromolecules such as RNA and proteins require association with transport factors known as nuclear transport receptors, like karyopherins called importins to enter the nucleus and exportins to exit.
Receptor proteins can be classified by their location. Cell surface receptors, also known as transmembrane receptors, include ligand-gated ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors, and enzyme-linked hormone receptors. [1] Intracellular receptors are those found inside the cell, and include cytoplasmic receptors and nuclear receptors. [1]
Category for nuclear receptors, classification by subfamily Pages in category "Nuclear receptors" The following 17 pages are in this category, out of 17 total.
The best studied steroid hormone receptors are members of the nuclear receptor subfamily 3 (NR3) that include receptors for estrogen (group NR3A) [39] and 3-ketosteroids (group NR3C). [40] In addition to nuclear receptors, several G protein-coupled receptors and ion channels act as cell surface receptors for certain steroid hormones.
The nuclear receptor 4A3 (NR4A3) (nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 3) also known as neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 (NOR1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR4A3 gene. [5] NR4A3 is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors .
The Rev-Erb proteins are members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of intracellular transcription factors and key regulatory components of the circadian clock.There are two forms of the receptor, Rev-Erb alpha and Rev-Erb beta, which are each encoded by a separate gene (NR1D1 and NR1D2, respectively).