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Calcification is the accumulation of calcium salts in a body tissue. It normally occurs in the formation of bone, but calcium can be deposited abnormally in soft tissue, [1] [2] causing it to harden. Calcifications may be classified on whether there is mineral balance or not, and the location of the calcification. [3]
Calcium regulation in the human body. [6]The plasma ionized calcium concentration is regulated within narrow limits (1.3–1.5 mmol/L). This is achieved by both the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland, and the parathyroid glands constantly sensing (i.e. measuring) the concentration of calcium ions in the blood flowing through them.
Calcium regulation in the human body [38] Different tissues contain calcium in different concentrations. For instance, Ca 2+ (mostly calcium phosphate and some calcium sulfate) is the most important (and specific) element of bone and calcified cartilage. In humans, the total body content of calcium is present mostly in the form of bone mineral ...
For these purposes, hepatocytes are usually isolated from animal or human [8] whole liver or liver tissue by collagenase digestion, which is a two-step process. In the first step, the liver is placed in an isotonic solution, in which calcium is removed to disrupt cell-cell tight junctions by the use of a calcium chelating agent.
The mouse strain DBA/2 is known for its proneness to calcify damaged tissues, a process called "dystrophic calcification". Fetuin-A deficiency dramatically increased the calcification proneness of these mice in that all mice spontaneously calcified throughout their body even without a mineral-rich diet or surgical tissue trauma.
Metastatic calcification can occur widely throughout the body but principally affects the interstitial tissues of the vasculature, kidneys, lungs, and gastric mucosa. For the latter three, acid secretions or rapid changes in pH levels contribute to the formation of salts.
“[A coronary calcium scan] is a low-dose, low-cost, CT scan of the chest that allows us to quantify the amount of calcium in the arteries that feed the heart muscle,” Dr. Postalian says ...
Calcium is the most abundant metal and the fifth-most abundant element in the human body. [8] As electrolytes , calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) play a vital role in the physiological and biochemical processes of organisms and cells : in signal transduction pathways where they act as a second messenger ; in neurotransmitter release from neurons ; in ...