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On a scale less than about 0.8 fm (roughly the radius of a nucleon), the force is carried by gluons and holds quarks together to form protons, neutrons, and other hadrons. On a larger scale, up to about 3 fm, the force is carried by mesons and binds nucleons (protons and neutrons) together to form the nucleus of an atom. [2]
It is formed when atoms or molecules bind together by sharing of electrons. It often, but not always, involves some chemical bonding . In some cases, the associations can be quite strong—for example, the protein streptavidin and the vitamin biotin have a dissociation constant (reflecting the ratio between bound and free biotin) on the order ...
The term was coined by Murray Gell-Mann in 1962 [a] for being similar to an adhesive or glue that keeps the nucleus together. [9] Together with the quarks, these particles were referred to as partons by Richard Feynman .
Within the Standard Model, the strong interaction is carried by a particle called the gluon and is responsible for quarks binding together to form hadrons, such as protons and neutrons. As a residual effect, it creates the nuclear force that binds the latter particles to form atomic nuclei.
A pair of protons would do 10 −13 joules of work to each other as they approach – that is, they would need to release energy of 0.5 MeV in order to stick together. On the other hand, once a pair of nucleons magnetically stick, their external fields are greatly reduced, so it is difficult for many nucleons to accumulate much magnetic energy.
Physicists have long known that protons are more massive than the stuff that makes them up, but we didn’t know where that mass was located. ... Now we do. Skip to main content. Sign in. Mail. 24 ...
Protons and neutrons are both nucleons, which may be bound together by the nuclear force to form atomic nuclei. The nucleus of the most common isotope of the hydrogen atom (with the chemical symbol "H") is a lone proton.
Other gluons, which bind together the proton, neutron, and pion "in flight", are not shown. The nuclear force is a residual effect of the more fundamental strong force, or strong interaction. The strong interaction is the attractive force that binds the elementary particles called quarks together to form the nucleons (protons and neutrons ...