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For English, a modern English cognate is given when it exists, along with the corresponding Old English form; otherwise, only an Old English form is given. For Gothic, a form in another Germanic language (Old Norse; Old High German; or Middle High German) is sometimes given in its place or in addition, when it reveals important features.
A hyphen links elements of a compound word. A double hyphen indicates that the following syllable has a neutral tone and therefore that the preceding syllable does not undergo tone sandhi. Licit syllables [ 2 ]
However, unlike the general ("right-dominant") Teochew tone sandhi, which is a regular phonetic change, the neutral tone is lexical and its occurrence cannot be predicted. Compare the following examples with the morpheme nî 年 ni 5 "year", where some words have the neutral tone, while others preserve the original tone. [17]
Char kway teow (sometimes also spelled as char kuey teow, Chinese: 炒粿條; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhá-kóe-tiâu) is a stir-fried rice noodle dish from Maritime Southeast Asia of southern Chinese origin.
tilde over g: g̃—it's the only language in the world to use it. Example words: hagũa and g̃uahẽ. b, d, and g usually do not occur without m or n before (mb, nd, ng) unless they're Spanish loan words. f, l, q, w, x, z extremely rare outside loan words; does not use c without h: ch
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A calque / k æ l k / or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal, word-for-word (Latin: "verbum pro verbo") translation. This list contains examples of calques in various languages.
Pe̍h-ōe-jī (Taiwanese Hokkien: [pe˩ˀ o̯e̞˩ d͡ʑi˧] ⓘ, English approximation: / p eɪ w eɪ ˈ dʒ iː / pay-way-JEE; abbr. POJ; lit. ' vernacular writing '), sometimes known as Church Romanization, is an orthography used to write variants of Hokkien Southern Min, [2] particularly Taiwanese and Amoy Hokkien, and it is widely employed as one of the writing systems for Southern Min.