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Most liquids and aqueous solutions are highly transparent. For example, water, cooking oil, rubbing alcohol, air, and natural gas are all clear. Absence of structural defects (voids, cracks, etc.) and molecular structure of most liquids are chiefly responsible for their excellent optical transmission.
An opaque object is neither transparent (allowing all light to pass through) nor translucent (allowing some light to pass through). When light strikes an interface between two substances, in general, some may be reflected, some absorbed, some scattered, and the rest transmitted (also see refraction).
Some common objects made of glass are named after the material, e.g. "glass", "glasses", "magnifying glass". Glass is most often formed by rapid cooling of the molten form. Some glasses such as volcanic glass are naturally occurring, and obsidian has been used to make arrowheads and knives since the Stone Age.
Iridescence is also found in plants, animals and many other items. The range of colours of natural iridescent objects can be narrow, for example shifting between two or three colours as the viewing angle changes, [5] [6] An iridescent biofilm on the surface of a fish tank diffracts the reflected light, displaying the entire spectrum of colours ...
The gas inside a bubble is less dense than air because it is mostly water vapor. Water vapor is a gas that is formed when water molecules evaporate. When water molecules evaporate, they escape from the liquid state and enter the gas state. In the gas state, water molecules are further apart than they are in the liquid state.
Made primarily of the noble gas xenon, it can be used for building, engineering, and much more. It has virtually unlimited tensile strength; a wide variety of colors, including transparent and tan; and even different textures. The metal is unusual in that it is composed of a noble gas, which does not typically form strong molecular structures.
These crystals were formed into a large solid cone for transport and sale. This solid sugar cone had to be broken into usable chunks using a sugar nips device. People began to notice that tiny bursts of light were visible as sugar was "nipped" in low light, an established example of triboluminescence. [6]
Chalcedony's standard chemical structure (based on the chemical structure of quartz) is SiO 2 (silicon dioxide). Chalcedony has a waxy luster, and may be semitransparent or translucent. It can assume a wide range of colors, but those most commonly seen are white to gray, grayish-blue or a shade of brown ranging from pale to nearly black.