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Julia Clifford Lathrop (June 29, 1858 – April 15, 1932) was an American social reformer in the area of education, social policy, and children's welfare. As director of the United States Children's Bureau from 1912 to 1922, she was the first woman ever to head a United States federal bureau.
The Progressive Era (1890s–1920s [1] [2]) was a period in the United States during the early 20th century of widespread social activism and political reform across the country. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Progressives sought to address the problems caused by rapid industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and political corruption as well as the enormous ...
The woman's club movement became part of Progressive era social reform, which was reflected by many of the reforms and issues addressed by club members. [3] According to Maureen A. Flanagan, [4] many women's clubs focused on the welfare of their community because of their shared experiences in tending to the well-being of home-life.
Katharine Bement Davis (January 15, 1860 – December 10, 1935) was an American progressive era social reformer and criminologist who became the first woman to head a major New York City agency when she was appointed Correction Commissioner on January 1, 1914.
As the movement developed, groups of women sought reform in similar areas which led to involvement in the work of the women's club movement. [4] Similar to the intents of social housekeeping, women's clubs provided an opportunity to overcome the societally imposed gap between the private and public sphere. [9]
The Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) is an international temperance organization. It was among the first organizations of women devoted to social reform with a program that "linked the religious and the secular through concerted and far-reaching reform strategies based on applied Christianity."
Sklar, Kathryn Kish. "Hull House in the 1890s: A Community of Women Reformers", Signs, Vol. 10, No. 4, (Summer, 1985), pp. 658–677 in JSTOR; Sklar, Kathryn Kish. "'Some of us who deal with the Social Fabric': Jane Addams Blends Peace and Social Justice, 1907–1919". Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 2003 2(1): 80–96. ISSN 1537-7814
The woman's reform movement flourished in cities; however the South was still heavily rural before 1945. In Dallas, Texas, women reformers did much to establish the fundamental elements of the social structure of the city, focusing their energies on families, schools, and churches during the city's pioneer days. Many of the organizations which ...