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Absolute pitch (AP), often called perfect pitch, is the ability to identify or re-create a given musical note without the benefit of a reference tone. [1] [2] AP may be demonstrated using linguistic labelling ("naming" a note), associating mental imagery with the note, or sensorimotor responses.
Pitch correction is an electronic effects unit or audio software that changes the intonation (highness or lowness in pitch) of an audio signal so that all pitches will be notes from the equally tempered system (i.e., like the pitches on a piano). Pitch correction devices do this without affecting other aspects of its sound.
Functional pitch recognition is not the same as fixed-do solfège, e.g. do, re, mi, etc. Functional pitch recognition emphasizes the role of a pitch with respect to the tonic, while fixed-do solfège symbols are labels for absolute pitch values (do=C, re=D, etc., in any key).
Scientific pitch is an absolute pitch standard, first proposed in 1713 by French physicist Joseph Sauveur. It was defined so that all Cs are integer powers of 2, with middle C (C 4) at 256 hertz. As already noted, it is not dependent upon, nor a part of scientific pitch notation described here. To avoid the confusion in names, scientific pitch ...
Psychoacoustics is the branch of psychophysics involving the scientific study of the perception of sound by the human auditory system.It is the branch of science studying the psychological responses associated with sound including noise, speech, and music.
Tonal memory may be used as a strategy for learning to identify musical tones absolutely. Although those who attempt the strategy believe they are learning absolute pitch, the ability is generally not musically useful, [3] and their absolute tonal memory declines substantially or completely over time if not constantly reinforced. [4]
If the generative tone is inharmonic, like a bell-like sound, the interval structure is still recognizable as displacements of a tone spectrum, whose pitch can be even undetectable. This optimal representation-based definition of a chord explains, among other things, the predominance of interval hearing over the absolute pitch hearing. [9] [10]
Humans retain a relatively strong auditory image for details in pitch, which can be improved with musical training.The development of cultivating an auditory image with absolute pitch, which is being able to determine a note upon hearing a sound, however, is dependent on childhood musical training and genetic factors. [3]