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Cerebral palsy, in which lesions (damaged areas) may impair motor coordination; Senile dementia, fronto-temporal dementia, and vascular dementia; Pick's disease, causes progressive destruction of nerve cells in the brain; Huntington's disease, and other genetic disorders that cause build-up of toxic levels of proteins in neurons
Although CNH is typically characterized by the presence of lesions in the brainstem region, the mechanism by which these lesions create uninhibited stimulation of the expiratory and inhalatory centers is still poorly understood. These lesions typically arise after cancerous cells from another location of the body metastasize and move to the brain.
The causes of frontal lobe disorders can be closed head injury. An example of this can be from an accident, which can cause damage to the orbitofrontal cortex area of the brain. [2] Cerebrovascular disease may cause a stroke in the frontal lobe. Tumours such as meningiomas may present with a frontal lobe syndrome. [11]
Further breakdown of the blood–brain barrier, in turn cause a number of other damaging effects such as swelling, activation of macrophages, and more activation of cytokines and other destructive proteins. Astrocytes can heal partially the lesion leaving a scar. These scars (sclerae) are the known plaques or lesions usually reported in MS.
The cause for hemispheric disconnection is if the interhemispheric fibers, as mentioned earlier, are cut or reduced. [ citation needed ] An example is commissural disconnect in adults which usually results from surgical intervention, tumor, or interruption of the blood supply to the corpus callosum or the immediately adjacent structures.
The cause of most brain tumors is unknown, though up to 4% of brain cancers may be caused by CT scan radiation. [ 2 ] [ 8 ] Uncommon risk factors include exposure to vinyl chloride , Epstein–Barr virus , ionizing radiation , and inherited syndromes such as neurofibromatosis , tuberous sclerosis , and von Hippel-Lindau Disease .
A link between these types of drugs and cognitive impairment isn't a totally new discovery, but for the first time, researchers used brain imaging techniques to determine the physical changes ...
Even a mild incident can have long-term effects or cause symptoms to appear years later. [5] Studies show there is a correlation between brain lesion and language, speech, and category-specific disorders. Wernicke's aphasia is associated with anomia, unknowingly making up words , and problems with comprehension.