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Bureaucracy (/ b j ʊəˈr ɒ k r ə s i /; bure-OK-rə-see) is a system of organization where decisions are made by a body of non-elected officials. [1] Historically, a bureaucracy was a government administration managed by departments staffed with non-elected officials. [2]
In South America, O’Donnell argued, industrialization generated not democracy, but bureaucratic authoritarianism. This work, along with a series of subsequent articles, triggered an important debate in comparative politics and Latin American Studies about the political consequences of economic development.
The Administrative State is Dwight Waldo's classic public administration text based on a dissertation written at Yale University.In the book, Waldo argues that democratic states are underpinned by professional and political bureaucracies and that scientific management and efficiency is not the core idea of government bureaucracy, but rather it is service to the public.
This article lists forms of government and political systems, which are not mutually exclusive, and often have much overlap. [1] According to Yale professor Juan José Linz there are three main types of political systems today: democracies, totalitarian regimes and, sitting between these two, authoritarian regimes with hybrid regimes.
Democratic backsliding [a] is a process of regime change toward autocracy in which the exercise of political power becomes more arbitrary and repressive. [7] [8] [9] The process typically restricts the space for public contest and political participation in the process of government selection.
Sam Altman made a personal donation of $1 million to Donald Trump's inauguration fund, and hopes the President-elect will prioritize developing AI infrastructure going forward.
Political scientist Guillermo O'Donnell, in his Modernization and Bureaucratic Authoritarianism (1973) challenged the thesis, advanced most notably by Seymour Martin Lipset, [17] that industrialization produced democracy. In South America, O'Donnell argued, industrialization generated not democracy, but bureaucratic authoritarianism.
A couple from the French-speaking part of Belgium wanted to become naturalizedFrench citizens but found themselves with the most French of problems – a bureaucratic struggle to prove to the ...